First of all, this thread is too long for me to read it all so I'm not going to.
Anyway, I typed out a massive reply, but now I've decided to simplify it.
Rick Sanchez is a supergenius of all supergeniuses. This entire fight, and any fight involving him, completely depends on prep-time and what tools he's allowed to take with him, and what he knows about his opponent.
Rick Sanchez can build something to counter literally anything. There's not feats of strength to show this, but it's a concept very obviously shown in the show. He can do
anything if he has prep time and foresight.
So this really depends on the circumstances of the fight. If you just abduct him from his universe to randomly fight Dr. Strange, well he won't have any of his tools then. He'll have his portal gun, a laser blaster, and maybe a few miscellaneous wacky gadgets. Rick has no superpowers other than his intelligence - without preparation, just about any superhero can beat him.
With prep-time though? And especially knowing his opponent before hand in any meaningful way? Yeah, Rick can defeat literally anyone in any Tier lower than 1A IMHO. I'm pretty sure he could destroy the entire hyperverse if he wanted to. I say Tier 1A because 1A is the Outerverse, where the laws of reality end, and I think his intelligence loses it's usefulness at that point.
But I say that anything below Tier 1A, Rick Sanchez can beat it if given prep-time. Rick is the smartest being in the universe, possibly the mulitverse (outsmarts alternate-dimension Ricks), he could probably grant himself any superpower he wants if that's what he wanted to do.
Clearly that's too powerful. So, maybe you could say okay, well he can use every tool he's been shown using so far in the show? Well in that case he could freeze time and blow-up Dr. Stange with a neutrino-bomb while he casually shows himself the door using his portal gun, or if that wouldn't work he'd just invent something while time is frozen. Unless freeze-time doesn't work on Strange, in which case there's like, a million more thing I can think of that could happen because of Rick's ridiculous arsenal, and that's just shit that's been shown in the show so far, he's implied to be able to build literally anything.
My end point is:
With preparation, Rick Sanchez can beat anyone lower than Tier 1A/Outerverse level, IMHO. Anyone bound by the lays of reality or physics in any way, Rick can figure out how to defeat them and create a device or ability to do so. 1A and above are beyond him because they're beyond the Hyperverse and all laws of physics or reality - so his intelligence isn't really useful anymore at that point.
Without preparation, Rick Sanchez is hardly more than just a squishy human who could be killed by pretty much anyone that can survive his ray guns and portal gun. He could easily flee or teleport his opponent to another dimension, but I'm not sure if you'd call that "victory". So it also depends on the terms of victory, I suppose.
Without preparation, Rick is pretty much just an armed human. To see how he fights without preparation, just watch the time he and morty were stranded on the purge world, or when Tammy and the Federation did their attack. Rick did a few cool things, but defeating a few goons was about all he could manage. Here, watch this video to get an idea, this is where he teleported a few enemies to another dimension (well, that's an assumption, I guess it could've just vaporized them - point being, it got rid of them):
https://youtu.be/my3LlkGDm94?t=9m17s That gives you an idea of what he can do without preparation. Admittedly, not a lot. He has his ray gun, a portal gun, and a few wacky gizmos usually. Other than that he usually gets out of sticky situations through bluffs and toying with people's psychology actually (like this scene:
https://youtu.be/rE0KvG0IvGA?t=7m50s - he uses a bluff to get by, also a good example of one his silly gadget things). So yeah..
TL;DR:
Rick Sanchez with prep = God
Rick Sanchez without prep = Just an armed human who's ya know, pretty smart and stuff.
So who wins depends entirely on the terms of the fight and stuff. Like,
entirely on that.
If he was caught unarmed against someone like Strange, I think Rick would just attempt to escape and live to fight another day - Rick is smart enough to know who he can take and who he can't. If he can't do that then he's likely screwed, unless he just happnes to be lucky enough that he had an item on him that could beat strange just by sheer plot armor and coinceidence.
But fully armed and ready? Literally everyone's beat aside from the strongest of the strong in this Wiki. Hi intelligence makes all their powers redundant because he can just invent a counter.
Just my thoughts though.