- 12,767
- 15,299
The Problem
This is something that has been bugging me for a while and I think we need a site-wide discussion about it. The current approach to planet size calculations is inconsistent and I want to propose a clear framework to fix that.
Right now we have verses where planet sizes are derived entirely from third party calculations that the authors never acknowledged, and those sizes are then used as the foundation for calculating feats. The issue isn't using calculations in general, it's that some of these results produce planets that are physically incompatible with their own settings, and we use the size when it's convenient while ignoring every other physical implication it carries. That's not consistent scaling, that's cherry picking.
A Concrete Example: The One Piece Planet
The One Piece planet is a good illustration of why this matters. The current accepted calc derives a planet size of roughly 1.5 million kilometers in diameter, larger than the Sun itself, based on in-universe measurements. Oda never stated or implied anything close to this size. The series portrays an Earth-like world with normal human life, breathable air, liquid oceans and standard gravity.
If we take that calc at face value and apply the physics consistently, the implications are immediately contradicted by the series itself. A planet that size would have a surface gravity of approximately 1154 m/s², meaning an 80kg human would weigh around 94 tons. Atmospheric pressure at the surface would be roughly 11,920 kPa, equivalent to being over 1,000 meters underwater, which would crush any human instantly. Liquid water on the surface would be physically unstable. The escape velocity would be around 121.5 km/s, which would trap every heavy gas and make the atmospheric composition completely incompatible with human life. The Red Line existing as a stable solid geological formation would be impossible because the internal pressure at the core would be around 5 billion GPa, turning the interior into fluid or degenerate matter. On top of all that, a naturally forming planet this size wouldn't even be rocky to begin with. Based on Rogers (2015) and Fulton et al. (2017), it would form as a gas giant at minimum, possibly crossing into brown dwarf territory.
None of these implications are acknowledged or addressed in the series because Oda never intended the planet to be this size. The calc produced the number, not the manga. And yet this size is currently being used as the foundation for calculating seismic feats in the verse, meaning we're invoking real physics to get our numbers while simultaneously dismissing the same physics when they produce inconvenient results. That's the inconsistency this thread is trying to address.
Proposed Rules
Rule 1: No statement or depiction, no size calc
If the planet is not shown or stated to be larger than Earth, default to Earth's dimensions. We have no business calcing a planet's size from indirect measurements if the author never implied it was anything other than Earth-sized.
Rule 2: Implied or stated larger but no specific size given
If the series implies or states the planet is larger than Earth without giving specific dimensions, cap the size at the maximum threshold for a rocky planet. Two independent studies converge on this limit. Rogers (2015), published in The Astrophysical Journal, analyzed Kepler mission data and found that planets with a radius above roughly 1.6 Earth radii are predominantly gaseous based on observed planetary populations. Fulton et al. (2017), also using Kepler data, independently identified a natural gap in the planet size distribution between 1.5 and 2.0 Earth radii, now known as the Fulton Gap or Radius Gap, where rocky planets effectively stop existing and gaseous ones begin. The fact that two separate studies using independent methodologies converge on the same threshold is why this number is widely accepted in planetary science rather than being a single contested result. This puts the cap at approximately 20,400 km in diameter at the upper end of Rogers (2015). Anything beyond that would naturally form as a gas giant, which directly contradicts Earth-like portrayals in fiction. If a verse shows an Earth-like planet and implies it is larger than Earth without specifying a size, this is the ceiling we should default to.
For reference, it is worth noting that the 1.6 Earth radii threshold from Rogers (2015) is not a hard line but a statistical tendency, meaning most planets above that radius are gaseous, not all of them. However, if the threshold itself has exceptions, that's even more reason to be skeptical of defaulting to a planet larger than the Sun as a baseline for calculations, since we'd be assuming the most extreme possible outlier with zero authorial backing.
Rule 3: Author explicitly states or shows a specific size
If the author explicitly establishes a specific size for their planet, use it regardless of physical implications. This reflects a conscious authorial decision about their universe and we respect that the same way we respect any other intentional worldbuilding choice, even if it contradicts real physics.
Why This Matters
The distinction being drawn here is not between "physics matters" and "physics doesn't matter". It's between authorial intent and calc-derived results. When an author decides their planet is a certain size, the physical inconsistencies that follow are their creative decision. When a third party calc produces a physically absurd result that the author never intended or acknowledged, we're not respecting creative intent, we're just using a number that happens to be convenient for scaling.
A calc that produces a result incompatible with the setting it's supposed to represent shouldn't be treated as valid just because no replacement exists yet. The absence of a better calc is an argument for finding one, not for keeping a bad one.
Happy to discuss and adjust the specifics, particularly the Rule 2 threshold if someone has a better source, and opening exceptions if there are any.
This is something that has been bugging me for a while and I think we need a site-wide discussion about it. The current approach to planet size calculations is inconsistent and I want to propose a clear framework to fix that.
Right now we have verses where planet sizes are derived entirely from third party calculations that the authors never acknowledged, and those sizes are then used as the foundation for calculating feats. The issue isn't using calculations in general, it's that some of these results produce planets that are physically incompatible with their own settings, and we use the size when it's convenient while ignoring every other physical implication it carries. That's not consistent scaling, that's cherry picking.
A Concrete Example: The One Piece Planet
The One Piece planet is a good illustration of why this matters. The current accepted calc derives a planet size of roughly 1.5 million kilometers in diameter, larger than the Sun itself, based on in-universe measurements. Oda never stated or implied anything close to this size. The series portrays an Earth-like world with normal human life, breathable air, liquid oceans and standard gravity.
If we take that calc at face value and apply the physics consistently, the implications are immediately contradicted by the series itself. A planet that size would have a surface gravity of approximately 1154 m/s², meaning an 80kg human would weigh around 94 tons. Atmospheric pressure at the surface would be roughly 11,920 kPa, equivalent to being over 1,000 meters underwater, which would crush any human instantly. Liquid water on the surface would be physically unstable. The escape velocity would be around 121.5 km/s, which would trap every heavy gas and make the atmospheric composition completely incompatible with human life. The Red Line existing as a stable solid geological formation would be impossible because the internal pressure at the core would be around 5 billion GPa, turning the interior into fluid or degenerate matter. On top of all that, a naturally forming planet this size wouldn't even be rocky to begin with. Based on Rogers (2015) and Fulton et al. (2017), it would form as a gas giant at minimum, possibly crossing into brown dwarf territory.
None of these implications are acknowledged or addressed in the series because Oda never intended the planet to be this size. The calc produced the number, not the manga. And yet this size is currently being used as the foundation for calculating seismic feats in the verse, meaning we're invoking real physics to get our numbers while simultaneously dismissing the same physics when they produce inconvenient results. That's the inconsistency this thread is trying to address.
Proposed Rules
Rule 1: No statement or depiction, no size calc
If the planet is not shown or stated to be larger than Earth, default to Earth's dimensions. We have no business calcing a planet's size from indirect measurements if the author never implied it was anything other than Earth-sized.
Rule 2: Implied or stated larger but no specific size given
If the series implies or states the planet is larger than Earth without giving specific dimensions, cap the size at the maximum threshold for a rocky planet. Two independent studies converge on this limit. Rogers (2015), published in The Astrophysical Journal, analyzed Kepler mission data and found that planets with a radius above roughly 1.6 Earth radii are predominantly gaseous based on observed planetary populations. Fulton et al. (2017), also using Kepler data, independently identified a natural gap in the planet size distribution between 1.5 and 2.0 Earth radii, now known as the Fulton Gap or Radius Gap, where rocky planets effectively stop existing and gaseous ones begin. The fact that two separate studies using independent methodologies converge on the same threshold is why this number is widely accepted in planetary science rather than being a single contested result. This puts the cap at approximately 20,400 km in diameter at the upper end of Rogers (2015). Anything beyond that would naturally form as a gas giant, which directly contradicts Earth-like portrayals in fiction. If a verse shows an Earth-like planet and implies it is larger than Earth without specifying a size, this is the ceiling we should default to.
For reference, it is worth noting that the 1.6 Earth radii threshold from Rogers (2015) is not a hard line but a statistical tendency, meaning most planets above that radius are gaseous, not all of them. However, if the threshold itself has exceptions, that's even more reason to be skeptical of defaulting to a planet larger than the Sun as a baseline for calculations, since we'd be assuming the most extreme possible outlier with zero authorial backing.
Rule 3: Author explicitly states or shows a specific size
If the author explicitly establishes a specific size for their planet, use it regardless of physical implications. This reflects a conscious authorial decision about their universe and we respect that the same way we respect any other intentional worldbuilding choice, even if it contradicts real physics.
Why This Matters
The distinction being drawn here is not between "physics matters" and "physics doesn't matter". It's between authorial intent and calc-derived results. When an author decides their planet is a certain size, the physical inconsistencies that follow are their creative decision. When a third party calc produces a physically absurd result that the author never intended or acknowledged, we're not respecting creative intent, we're just using a number that happens to be convenient for scaling.
A calc that produces a result incompatible with the setting it's supposed to represent shouldn't be treated as valid just because no replacement exists yet. The absence of a better calc is an argument for finding one, not for keeping a bad one.
Happy to discuss and adjust the specifics, particularly the Rule 2 threshold if someone has a better source, and opening exceptions if there are any.