Bruh, you people really dont understand how works the damage and durability/hardness.
Those marine only scratched him, those wounds were superficial. There is no real damage there. He didnt get weakened after those wounds unlike when he got wounded by Akainu or Kizaru. Why? Because the energy behind the attacks was different. It does not have the same energy a bullet and a stab from a person. The bullet has much more energy, and if you get hit, that energy will spread in your body and can kill you from that because it will affect many places, a large area. The stab does not have that amount because the speed is much slower, so you will get only wounded in a smaller area and as so the energy behind it, so you have more chances to survive. The same is here with Akainu/Kizaru = bullet, marines = stab. The difference ofc is bigger than that, much more.
Anyone can get a wound with paper lets say, but that wound wont weaken you, you will still can run, jump and whatever. That wound is superficial. Even a boxer can be wounded with that, and that doesnt mean nothing because he can take some tough hits from other boxers, hits which would knock out normal people. What is the difference in energy between these 2 things? It is a great difference. With the logic here, one can do a profile to "paper" and put in the same tier as a human boxer in attack power lol.
So no, there is nothing wrong with those marines "harming" Whitebeard.
-Because in the first place like I said, WB didnt use Armament as defense in the war, he wasnt in the state to do so, so his defense was his natural durability and even if he can tank punches from Akainu, thats no the same as taking cutting attacks. So the first point is the obvious difference between cutting and normal hits.
-In the second place, those cutting attacks were no joke, everyone there was above Luffy (they were 1 rank below Viceadmiral, because of their coats you can see it) for example and WB unlike BM, Kaido, Vergo and the other one, doesnt have a natural hard body like BM, Kaido, Vergo and the other one. Hard = resistant to cutting attacks as well as to normal hits. So the second point is that those randoms were not so random and that WB has X natural durability but not hardness in the same amount, lets say his hardness = 0.05*X where X is his natural durability.
-In the third place, those attacks wounded him superficially only, mosquitos bites. He didnt get weakened at all because of it. The third point = irrelevant attacks, superficial wounds he didnt even notice. One of his eyes got hit by a cannon and didnt even blind him or anything at all. And the eye is the most sensitive/tender part of human body. A mosquito by the way can "harm" humans because they can wound them and suck their blood. Mosquito = Tier 10 B. LOL