Based on the texts you provided and the core philosophy of swordsmanship in
One Piece, it is a very specific combination of both, but the emphasis is deeply on
how the sword cuts.
It is not about finding a physical crack or a structural flaw in the steel (like a traditional "weak point"). Instead, it is about aligning your sword's intent with the "spiritual rhythm" of the object.
Here is how the "Where" and the "How" work together in this technique:
1. The "Where": Targeting the "Breath" (呼吸 - Kokyū)
When the text mentions grasping the
"vital point" (急所 - Kyūsho), it doesn't mean Zoro is looking for a rusty spot or a weak joint on Mr. 1's body.
- Everything in the world (stones, trees, steel) has a "breath" or a unique frequency.
- Observation Haki (or the "Breath of All Things") allows Zoro to locate that frequency.
- The "Where" is entirely spiritual. He is targeting the "essence" of the steel.
2. The "How": The Intent of the Blade (力とタイミング - Power and Timing)
This is the most critical part of the technique, and it comes directly from his master’s teachings. His master told him:
"A sword that can cut nothing can cut steel."
If the technique was just about hitting a specific weak spot, the "cutting nothing" part wouldn't make sense. The "How" is about the
intent and flow of the swordsman:
- To cut nothing (like the palm leaves): Zoro swings the sword, but he matches the "breath" of the leaves perfectly so that his blade passes through without disrupting them. He uses zero hostile "power."
- To cut steel: He finds the "breath" of the steel and applies the exact right "power" (力 - Chikara) and "timing" (タイミング - Taimingu) to disrupt and sever that specific frequency.
The Wano Confirmation (Ryuo)
Years later in the Wano Arc, this exact concept is explained as
Ryuo (Advanced Armament Haki). The samurai explain that a blade is an extension of the swordsman's will.
- You don't just swing harder (which is why Zoro's earlier attacks just bounced off Mr. 1).
- You flow your invisible armor (Haki) into the blade and tell it exactly what to cut and how to interact with the target's surface.
Summary
Zoro targets a
spiritual location (the "breath" of the steel) by changing the
physical nature of his cut (adjusting his power, timing, and Haki flow to match that breath). He isn't aiming for a weak spot on Mr. 1's armor; he is turning his sword into a tool that specifically understands how to bypass steel.