1) Zamasu, in the very scene you linked, outright said Black's power rose, which was from the beatdown he recieved.
2) Frieza did healed Goku somewhat. That isn't a full heal but that does count as him getting a zenkai from Frieza healing him a bit, in a similar way to Goku healing Frieza on Namek
3) If Sonic would see that Goku would start bodying him and that his stonewall durability isn't protecting him anymore, since Sonic can no-sell attacks from beings that are either comparable or even stronger than him, such as Metal Overlord, Time Eater and Egg Wizard, then he'll just hax him. He's not an idiot and won't keep doing attacks that doesn't work over and over again